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Johanna Jachmann-Wagner
Johanna Jachmann-Wagner or Johanna Wagner (13 October 1828 – 16 October 1894) was a mezzo-soprano singer, tragédienne in theatrical drama, and teacher of singing and theatrical performance who won great distinction in Europe during the third quarter of the 19th century. She was a niece of the composer Richard Wagner and was the original performer, and in some respects the inspiration, of the character of Elisabeth in ''Tannhäuser''. She was also the original intended performer of Brünnhild in ''Der Ring des Nibelungen'', but in the event assumed other roles.
== Early career ==
Johanna Wagner was born in Seelze, Hanover. She was the natural daughter of a soldier named Bock von Wülfingen, and was adopted〔''Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', 5th ed, 1954, Vol. X (Supplementary), p. 472〕 by Albert Wagner (1799–1874) (eldest brother of Richard) and his wife Elise (1800–1864). They had two other daughters. From Seelze the family moved to Würzburg in 1830, where both parents worked in the Royal Bavarian Theatre, father being an actor, singer and stage-manager. She received piano lessons from her mother, a Roman Catholic, and sang duets with the Landgräfin of Hessen, who took singing lessons from her father. Richard Wagner visited in 1833 (while composing ''Die Feen'') and often accompanied her singing Carl Loewe's ballad "Edward". Johanna knew the young Marie Seebach (later wife of Wagnerian singer Albert Niemann), who attended the same confirmation class.
She showed aptitude for the stage as a child. Owing to poor health she went to stay with her aunt Christine Gley, a singer and mother of the Vienna actress (1809–1866). In 1842 she accepted a contract as actress at Bernburg and Ballenstedt, and her father undertook her training as a singer. After appearing as a page in the new opera ''Les Huguenots'' at Ballenstedt, she began to give concerts with much success. In Bernburg she gained favourable notice by standing in to take the role of Marguerite de Valois in a performance attended by Duke Leopold.〔H. Jachmann, ''Wagner and his first Elisabeth'', English edition translated by M.A. Trechman (Novello & Co., London 1944), pp. 6-7.〕
The managing director moved his company to Halle during the summer, and Johanna studied Friedrich Schiller roles for the theatre, and operatic roles with her father in Daniel Auber's ''Maurer und Schlosser'', Albert Lortzing's ''Der Wildschütz'' and in ''Don Giovanni''. Her first important operatic appearance was as Catherina Cornaro in Fromental Halévy's ''La reine de Chypre''. In May 1844 Richard Wagner arranged an audition for her at the Dresden Royal Opera, where she gave guest appearances in these operas and received a three-year contract, being engaged as a Royal Saxon ''Kammersängerin'' before the age of 18.
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